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2025
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Truck Encyclopedia (4): Halogen Xenon LED Competition
▎The presence of grandfather halogen lamps
The incandescent lamp invented by Edison is the early form of the halogen lamp, but the incandescent lamp is made of tungsten because the filament is made of tungsten, and the sublimation speed in the vacuum is very fast, and the long-term high temperature makes the tungsten atoms on the surface of the tungsten filament sublimate and diffuse, and the evaporation of tungsten also makes the tungsten filament thinner and thinner, and finally burns out.
Later, people injected halogen elements such as iodine or bromine into the bulb, and at high temperatures, the sublimated tungsten filament underwent chemical reaction with halogen elements, and the cooled tungsten would re-solidify on the tungsten filament, forming a balanced cycle to avoid premature fracture of the tungsten filament, so the life of halogen lamps is also longer than that of incandescent lamps (about 4 times the life of incandescent lamps).
Due to the convenient production, low cost and easy maintenance of halogen lamps, most of the light sources used by trucks in our country are mostly halogen light sources.
merit
Halogen lamps are cheap because they are easy to manufacture.
The supporting lamps and lanterns have simple structure and easy maintenance.
shortcoming
The brightness is weak, and the color temperature is yellowish.
High power (70W), low efficiency, a large amount of electrical energy is converted into heat dissipation.
Short life span (about 500 hours).
The filament is fragile and has low reliability under harsh operating conditions.
▎ The lamp world is handsome and rich Xenon lamp
Xenon lamp, referred to as HID (High intensity Discharge Lamp), was first used in aircraft, in the early 90s of the last century, the German company Hella developed it before it was used in automobiles, and it has only been more than 20 years now.
The luminous principle of xenon lamp is high-voltage gas discharge, using high-voltage xenon gas wrapped in a quartz tube to replace the tungsten wire used in incandescent lamp, by pressurizing the 24V direct current on the car to 23,000 volts, through the high-voltage current to activate xenon ions, this is the gas discharge of xenon lamp.
Volvo xenon lamp with steering servant
However, due to the high cost of Xenon lamps, they are currently only installed on some high-end trucks.
merit
Low energy consumption (35W).
High brightness.
The natural light color that is close to the sun's rays.
Long service life (about 3000 hours).
shortcoming
The cost is high, and it needs to be used with a stabilizer and a lens.
The lamp size is larger.
Slow lighting speed.
▎ Up-and-coming LED lights
LED is the abbreviation of Light Emitting Diode, which is the light-emitting diode.
LED was invented in the 60s of the last century, and its principle is that when a forward voltage is added to a light-emitting diode, free electrons and holes meet and appear in the form of light. In the early days, LED lights were red, but now through the ratio of different elements, LED lights can emit any color that people want, so they are widely used in vehicle lighting, interior atmosphere, etc.
At present, more and more trucks in our country use LED as a light source, but at present, it is only used more in daytime running lights.
At present, there are relatively few trucks that use LED as the main lighting source, such as Scania S500 and Jiefang JH6.
In the operation of LEDs, only about 25% of the electricity is converted into light energy, and the rest of the electrical energy is converted into heat and dissipated. LEDs are particularly sensitive to temperature, and heat energy affects the performance of LEDs, if the heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will first cause light attenuation and brightness reduction.
merit
High brightness, highest brightness at the same power.
Long life (more than 30,000 hours).
High reliability and no fear of vibration.
Lights up quickly.
The small size can achieve many other functions.
shortcoming
The cost is relatively high.
LEDs have a lot of heat and need to be used with heat dissipation devices.
LEDs with poor heat dissipation will have severe light decay, which affects brightness.
▎ Bronze or king?
From the above introduction, it can be basically seen that LED has become a well-deserved "best in the field". Indeed, LED is the latest star, and it has formed a "crushing" of halogen and xenon lamps in various data, becoming the "king" of today.
▎Xenon lamps have not yet been popularized, LED is in a hurry, and lasers are ready to move
● Science and technology are people-oriented, and smart headlights take the lead
Modern technology is developing rapidly, and the expensive and large xenon lamp has not yet become popular, and it is about to be eliminated by LED lamps.
Old drivers know that when driving at night, the biggest safety hazard is to be dazzled by the headlights of the vehicles driving on the opposite side, and the visual disappearance of a few seconds will cause great safety hazards.
If it is a rough mountain road or a national highway, it is very dangerous for the driver to lose his vision after being dazzled by the headlights. It is a serious threat to vehicles and pedestrians on the road.
Now, people can integrate multiple LED lights on a circuit board in an integrated way to form a light-emitting array, and by controlling the circuit of a single LED lamp, make it light on or off, turn off the light towards the opposing driver, avoid glare, and avoid affecting the other party while ensuring their own vision, which greatly improves safety.
● The praying mantis catches the cicada and the yellow finch is behind, and the laser is ready to move
Although LED has a variety of advantages, but return to the most basic function of the car headlights is to see far, small divergence, low energy consumption, the advantages of LED, in front of the laser light at most a "diamond".
The reason why halogen lamps need lamp bowls, xenon lamps need lamp bowls and lenses, and LEDs are the same, is that these light sources are divergent in all directions. The laser is the only light source that does not diverge among the artificial light sources.
Therefore, the laser is the most ideal kind of artificial light source, it has no scattering, it is completely direct! People take control as they want. At present, the production car of a luxury brand in Germany has been equipped with laser headlights, according to the manufacturer, the range of laser headlights can reach 600 meters.
When the high-tech equipment such as millimeter-wave radar, lidar and infrared night vision devices are mounted on passenger cars, it is also hoped that truck companies can introduce advanced lighting technology into trucks as soon as possible, so that cardholders can get a better workplace and make practitioners happier.
Focus on the research and development of automotive brake systems and pneumatic brake valves to promote the development of the auto parts industry!
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