01
2025
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07
Automotive Basics (11) How it Gets In
First of all, I would like to say sorry to everyone
The content of the previous issue was prepared in a hurry
So there's a lot of nonsense and less dry stuff in the whole article
Let everyone be wronged
I'll avoid that in the future
What's in this issue:
Let me start by answering the question I asked in the previous issue:
Are axles and axles the same thing?
In fact, for cardholders who have been paying attention to the "Basic Knowledge of Automobiles" column
The question is simply too simple
The axle is the part of the drive train that is used to transmit power
The axle is part of the travel system that is used to carry weight
For our trucks
Axles tend to be fitted inside the axles
So many people will always confuse them
For example, a certain degree encyclopedia:
But, but, but
This division of labor between axles and axles is our ideal state
Not all axles don't bear weight
Therefore, there are two concepts:
Semi-floating half-shaft
Fully floating half-shaft
Don't worry, let's explain them one by one
First of all, let's talk about the common ones used by trucks
Fully floating half-shaft
Everyone knows the carrying capacity of our trucks
It can be said that it is as heavy as the family burden of our cardholders
Therefore, if the axle responsible for transmission is also responsible for the load
That half-axis may be about to make some noise
You have to care about it at every turn - see if it's bad
Therefore, the task of loading the load must be carried on by the axle as much as possible
So, the engineers invented this fully floating half-shaft
Cardholders who have dismantled the half-shaft or seen others dismantle should know better
This structure:
The wheels are mounted on the hubs
(99% of people call it wrong!) Wheels are not the same as hubs)
(↑↑↑Note that wheels and rims are not the same thing↑↑↑)
The hub is attached to the half-shaft sleeve (i.e. axle housing) with two sets of bearings
The outer end of the hub is screwed on the half-shaft end cap with several screws
Half axles are tucked into the axles
You can find out
under this structure
A differential is attached to the inside of the half-shaft
The outside is attached to the hub with bolts on the flange
The entire half shaft does not need to be fixed to the axle housing
"Floating" in the bridge shell
Therefore, it is called a "full float" type half shaft
Such a half shaft can be taken down individually:
Just unscrew your nut on the outside of the half shaft
You'll be able to hold the half-shaft and thrust freely
At this time, the wheels are still on the hub
The hub is still on the axle housing
As long as you, an old man, are willing to push the cart
The car will be able to keep going
A perfect illustration of a problem:
The half-shaft does not undertake the task of carrying the load
It's just about transferring power to the hub
The axle breathed a long sigh of relief
Because the bearing capacity of the full-floating half-shaft structure is relatively strong
So trucks and some hardcore off-road vehicles will adopt this structure
Now that Quan Fu is finished, let's talk about it
Semi-floating half-shaft
The semi-floating structure is relatively simple
A differential is attached to one end of the half shaft
The other end is directly attached to the hub
In the middle, a set of bearings is used to support the axle housing
This structure is like a seesaw
The middle bearing is a fulcrum
On one side are the wheels
On the other side is the differential
The axle "floats up a little"
That's why it's called "semi-floating"
under this structure
The load is pressed against the wheels first
It is then transferred to the half shaft through the spline
It is then transmitted to the axle housing through the "fulcrum".
Do you feel the pressure on the axle?
The hub is attached directly to the half shaft
Therefore, if you disassemble the half shaft, you must also take off the wheel
But
At present, most off-road vehicles on the market still use semi-floating half-axles
After all, it won't be as big a load as a truck
On the premise that the material characteristics can meet the requirements
The semi-floating half-shaft also provides good strength
To sum it up:
The hubs of the fully floating half-shaft are mounted on the axle housing
The hub of the semi-floating half-shaft is sleeved on the half-shaft
Is it a bit of a mouthful?
Then let's find another different
I said it earlier
The fully floating half-shaft is connected with the same screw and hub
So it's going to have a ring of bolts on the outside
Whereas, the semi-floating half shaft is connected with a spline and a hub
So it only has a screw in the middle
Well, speaking of which
Students who have spare time may know the third concept:
Three-quarter floating half-shaft
But the length is a problem
I won't talk about it here
If you ask a lot in the comment section
I'll reply to you in the comment section
Thank you all for your patience in seeing the end
See you next time
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